Disruptions of frontostriatal language functions in Parkinson’s disease
The Neuroscience of Parkinson’s Disease
García, A. M., Bocanegra, Y., Birba, A., Orozco-Arroyave, J. R., Sedeño, L. & Ibáñez, A. (2020). Disruptions of frontostriatal language functions in Parkinson’s disease. En C. Martin y V. R. Preedy (eds.), The Neuroscience of Parkinson’s Disease, volumen 2 (pp. 413-430). Londres: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0-12-815950-7. Online: https://bit.ly/2EFRjcr.
En este capítulo reseñamos evidencia multidimensional sobre diversas alteraciones lingüísticas en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Mostramos que, en dicho cuadro, la alteración las vías frontoestriadas y de sus interacciones con otros circuitos impactan sistemáticamente sobre habilidades fonético-fonológicas, sintácticas y semánticas, incluso en etapas prodrómicas. No obstante, otros dominios, como el morfológico y el discursivo, no presentan patrones consistentes de disrupción. Tales hallazgos sientan las bases para innovaciones teóricas y clínicas de cara a la caracterización neurocognitiva de la enfermedad.
Disruptions of frontostriatal language functions in Parkinson’s disease
The Neuroscience of Parkinson’s Disease
García, A. M., Bocanegra, Y., Birba, A., Orozco-Arroyave, J. R., Sedeño, L. & Ibáñez, A. (2020). Disruptions of frontostriatal language functions in Parkinson’s disease. En C. Martin y V. R. Preedy (eds.), The Neuroscience of Parkinson’s Disease, volumen 2 (pp. 413-430). Londres: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0-12-815950-7. Online: https://bit.ly/2EFRjcr.
Atrophy of frontostriatal pathways in Parkinson’s disease compromises diverse linguistic functions. To establish which of these disorders constitute candidate cognitive biomarkers of the disease, we review studies assessing phonetic/phonological, morphological, lexico-semantic, syntactic, and discourse-level dimensions in early-stage patients. While morphological difficulties are inconsistent and discourse-level alterations seem nosologically unspecific, systematic disturbances emerge in particular phonetic (plosive articulation), lexico-semantic (action-verb processing), and syntactic (complex-sentence parsing) functions. Some such deficits are selective (not generalized across their overarching domain), partially specific (absent in non-motor disorders), primary (not secondary to overall cognitive dysfunction), associated to critical neurobiological abnormalities, and traceable in prodromal stages. Notably, new approaches for analyzing those dimensions allow identifying individual patients with over 90% accuracy. Although several challenges remain unaddressed and more programmatic research is needed, the incorporation of these tools in clinical settings could enhance screening protocols, differential diagnosis, disease-progression monitoring, and discrimination of patient profiles within the parkinsonian population.
